Origin of maize in nigeria pdf

Analysis of economic efficiency of maize production in ganye. The tripartite hypotheses proposes that the ancestor of domesticated maize was a now extinct wild podpopcorn. Maize has now risen to a commercial crop on which many agrobased industries depend for raw materials iken and amusa, 2004. Since that time maize has been unique as a major crop of the world and a very important species for basic research. Nigeria is the largest producer of maize in africa, followed by south africa. Planting of rice, to be harvested from october, is underway. The starch obtained from maize is processed into several additives, agents and ingredients such as sorbic acid, sorbitol, dextrine, and lactic acid. Posted 5 mar 2020 originally published 31 jan 2020. Maize also known as indian corn or simply as corn, is a food crop of considerable importance in many parts of the world, especially in the u. Fas lagos forecasts nigerias corn maize production in my 201920 octoberseptember at about 10. Mar 20, 2014 this manuscript was presented at the who consultation technical considerations for maize flour and corn meal fortification in public health in collaboration with the sackler institute for nutrition science at the new york academy of sciences and the flour fortification initiative ffi, convened on april 8 and 9, 20, at the new york.

Maize is the most important cereal in the world after. Dia 1 departments of agricultural economics and extension, adamawa state university p. Maize zea mays is a plant of enormous modernday economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. Know the agricultural rich history of nigeria, a country blessed with fertile agricultural lands. Despite the economic importance of maize to the teeming populace in nigeria, it has not been produced to meet food and industrial needs of the country. Soya bean is used in making milk products and oil of different types, shea nut its use to make cooking oil and engine oil and fina. Benz department of biology texas wesleyan university. Maize was probably introduced to tropical africa at more than one point and at different times. Land races, improved high yielding and pest and diseases resistant varieties of maize have been developed. The importance of maize production in nigeria cannot be over emphasized. Most of the knowledge from that research has been either worthless or inaccessible to maize breeding programs and actual improvement of maize. History of maize while land plants have existed on earth for nearly 500 million years, maize in the form that we are accustomed to today has only existed for approximately 6000 years.

Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1. Nigeria is the second largest producer of maize on the african continent with more than 5 million hectares of land under maize production and an annual area and yield growth rate of 4. It is the staple food of the bulk of the population, more. It is widely eaten in various forms and more than 900 million africans depend on maize every year because it is often cheaper than. Maize also forms the basis for the production for most animal feeds in nigeria.

Rod graveletblondin, chairman, south african maize forum. The word corn outside north america, australia, and new zealand refers to any cereal crop, its meaning understood to vary geographically to refer to the local staple. African maize market growth, trends, and forecast 2020. Shull was the dawn of the modern era of maize breeding. Origin of maize pdf the origin of maize has been a topic of interest to both biologists and archaeologists. Controversy and debate surrounding the origins of maize. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Africa is the center of origin and also a major producer of several cereals like sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, teff and. Nigeria maize flour directory provides list of made in nigeria maize flour products supplied by reliable nigeria maize flour manufacturers, traders and companies. Analysis of economic efficiency of maize production in. Histories of maize multidisciplinary approaches to the prehistory, linguistics, biogeography, domestication, and evolution of maize edited by john e. The major staple crops in nigeria are cassava, yam, maize, sorghum, rice and millet. Gerarde summarizes what was probably the consensus of european attitudes in 1597 with these words quoted in 70, p.

The oldest known archaeological race of maize is a podpopcorn. Maize is a major important cereal being cultivated in the rainforest and the derived savannah zones of nigeria. However, human consumption is competing with the poultry industry and to a lesser extent the livestock industry. Maize was grown primarily as a food crop up to the 1970s. The maize supply in ghana has been increasing steadily over the past few years with an average supply at 1. The green color in the flag of nigeria represents the agricultural history of nigeria is intertwined with its political history. Rice, maize, millet, sorghum, wheat cereal crops prepared by. Although controversy still lingers over the origin of maize, the molec. Maize farming and production business in africa is a highpotential opportunity for the continent. These crops together cover 65% of the total cultivated area. The programme focused on bringing about a significant increase in the production of maize, cassava, rice and wheat. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of maize.

Staller department of anthropology university of kentucky robert h. Scholars agree that maize was domesticated from the plant teosinte zea mays spp. Apr 14, 2020 the harvest of maize is expected to start in june, while harvesting operations for yams will start in july. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. Maize production in nigeria doesnt take any special or intensive training, since you just have to follow basic rules and instruction to make it work. The closest living wild relative of cultivated maize is teosinte. Cassava, yam, cocoyam and maize are the major staple crops in the humid parts of the country, whereas maize, sorghum, millet, cowpea and groundnut are the major staple crops in the subhumid and semi. Smith3,nathanwales1, enrico cappellini1, pontus skoglund4, matteo fumagalli5, jose alfredo samaniego1, christian caroe1, maria c. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Maize was domesticated in mesoamerica, in the region that is now mexico. History of agriculture in nigeria agriculture nigeria. Origin, domestication, and its role in the development of culture duccio bonavia frontmatter more information. Dec 15, 2016 it is estimated that about 15 per cent of nigerias current maize produce goes for industrial use, due to its high starch content.

Although the morphological differences between maize and teosinte are spectacular in appearance they are conspecific genetically. Maize grows in a wider range of soil type than rice, almost every part of nigeria can grow maize on their soil. This could be attributed to low productivity from maize farms or that farmers have not adopted. Tykot department of anthropology university of south florida bruce f. General description maize is the most important field crop produced in south africa, followed by wheat, soya beans and sunflower seed. The origin and evolution of maize in the southwestern. The history of agriculture in nigeria dates as far back as before most other countries in africa, and can be segmented to the pre. Maize zea mays, called corn in some regions of the world, is a grass of tropical origin that has become the major grain crop in the world in terms of total production, with re cent production around 800 million tons per year. Center of origin mexico, central america earliest plant breeders women important source of human and animal sustenance the miracle of maize is manifested in the thousands. The origin and evolution of maize in the southwestern united states rute r. Maize consists of 71% starch, 9% protein and 4% oil on a dry weight basis. Origin and ecology of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea.

Maize has been in the diet of nigerians for centuries. Nov 29, 2019 maize zea mays is a plant of enormous modernday economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. Maize zea mays, called corn in some regions of the world, is a grass of tropical origin that has become the major grain crop in the world in terms of total production, with re. Yields are restricted by nitrogen and phosphorous deficiencies in the soil and by the prevalence of maize streak virus. July, flooding in september as well as fall armyworm. The total harvested area under maize in africa was around 38. Also, one of the upsides of maize production is that its one agribusiness that requires one of the lowest capitals. Maize was widely grown along the coast from the river gambia to sao tome, around the mouth of the river congo, and possibly in ethiopia, in the sixteenth century. Genetic modification of maize has been occurring for thousands of years. Maize contains approximately 72% starch, 10% protein, and 4% fat, supplying an energy density of 365 kcal100 g and is grown throughout the world, with the united states, china, and brazil being the top three. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region.

The introduction and spread of maize in africa the journal. Maize chloroplast and mitochondrial genes have been characterised in detail, with a focus on cytoplasmic. May 06, 2019 fas lagos forecasts nigerias corn maize production in my 201920 octoberseptember at about 10. How to cultivate hybrid maize in nigeria wealth result. Description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr.

Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. It started as a subsistence crop and has gradually become a more important crop. With the use of hybrid maize and mechanized system of farming, yield of maize can reach up to 10. Maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years ago from a wild grass, and native americans transformed maize into a better source of food. The cumulative rainfall amounts since early march were average to above average in most planted areas and supported the development of the maize crop, which is at sprouting and. African maize market growth, trends, and forecast 20202025. It is bounded by the atlantic ocean to the south and by. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of. Nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e.

Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Nigeria is a country rich in history and culture, and also blessed with so much fertile land and agricultural resources, an approximate measurement of nigerias fertile land sums up at around 81 million hectares. Maize production gives birth to a lot of other consumables and some of them are. Point that maize is a domesticated form of teosinte received convincing. Maize is a major staple food crop grown in diverse agroecological zones. The word maize derives from the spanish form of the indigenous taino word for the plant, mahiz. Analysis of economic efficiency of maize production in ganye local government area adamawa state, nigeria 1 zalkuwi, j. An overview of cultivation to processing abstract maize zea mays l. These are used in the manufacture of common household items such. Ii 360 origin and preservation of maize genes 366 allelic diversity in maize gene sequences 368. Domestic maize production seems to be meeting the local demand for human consumption. First the kernels were ground with a mano and metate and then patted into small cakes and. I 333 maize domestication and the tb1 gene 358 theories on the descent of maize and its relatives. Post forecasts nigerias corn imports in my201920 at 400,000 mt, unchanged from the my 201819 estimate.

It is estimated that about 15 per cent of nigerias current maize produce goes for industrial use, due to its high starch content. In the americas, maize is called corn, somewhat confusingly for the rest of the englishspeaking world, where corn refers to the. Maize also known as corn in some countries is one of the most common and important food crops across africa. Maize zea mays is a major important cereal being cultivated in the rainforest and the derived savannah zones of nigeria. It is probable that the portuguese did not readily accept maize as a staple. Their results have showed that oba super 2, 85222 and ak9443. We found that the initial diffu10 sion of maize into the southwest at about 4,000 years ago 11 likely occurred along a highland route, followed by gene. It is mainly used as a food source and now has become the most important raw material for animal feed pimentel and patzek, 2005. Scientists believe that maize is derived from an earlier ancestral plant called teosinte. Like said earlier, a lot of byproducts are gotten from maize. Maize is the cereal of the people and culture in the american. Maize origin, domestication, and evolution 330 theories on the descent of maize and its relatives.